Nepal moved from a unitary system with a three level federal system of government. The Provincial government is a new introduction and is assigned with all necessary functions that facilitate and support administrative, service delivery and developmental functions. Social development is the most priority functional area for the provinces since social development is the most critical for achieving the national commitments. This study has tried to assess provincial governments’ initiatives and commitments for working in social development sector as reflected in provincial governments’ policies and programs, annual and periodic plans, budget, and institutional arrangements as well as analyze
challenges for executing programs/ initiatives for social development. Province 2 was selected for this study as the provinces that have HDI values lower than the national average. This study has covered three social sectors namely Education, Health and Employment as these are the vital human rights and plays a key role in human, social, and economic development. The data were collected through review of periodic plans of province, Redbook and policy and program of the province. The information was validated with the 4 officials of Province two through online medium. Province 2 government has accorded special importance to education and health in the periodic plans and the policy and program. Province two have given importance in girl‘s education as well as educating the Dalit and marginalized communities. Likewise, in the sector of heath, province two has been allocated budget for multi nutritional program, improvement of sexual and reproductive health of females as well as for awareness campaigns against the harmful traditional practices and gender based violence. A large chunk of provincial government budget has been allocated for upgrade of district hospitals into equipped hospitals. Likewise, in employment sector, provincial government has focused on youth and has allocated budget to build the skills, knowledge and capacity of youth through trainings in agriculture sector rather than in foreign employment. However, there has been there has been severe underuse of allocated budget. Inadequate human resources, frequent mobility of them, weak monitoring and support mechanism, no integration of accountability with performance were critical limitations that caused significant delay in the implementation of programs.